一 | Are 3D mammograms better than standard 2D imaging for catching advanced cancers?A clinical trial is recruiting thousands of volunteers — including a large number of Black women who face disparities in breast cancer death rates — to try to find out.People like Carole Stovall, a psychologist in Washington, D.C., have signed up for the study to help answer the question.“We all need a mammogram anyway, so why not do it with a study that allows the scientists to understand more and move closer to finding better treatments and ways of maybe even preventing it?” Stovall said.The underrepresentation of women and minorities in research is a long-simmering issue affecting health problems including Alzheimer’s disease, stroke and COVID-19. Trials without diversity lead to gaps in understanding of how new treatments work for all people. “Until we get more Black women into clinical trials, we can’t change the science. And we need better science for Black bodies,” said Ricki Fairley, a breast cancer survivor and advocate who is working on the issue.Black women are 40% more likely to die from breast cancer than white women and tend to be diagnosed younger. But it’s not clear whether 3D mammography is better for them, said Dr. Worta McCaskill-Stevens of the National Cancer Institute.“Are there populations for whom this might be important to have early diagnosis?" asked McCaskill-Stevens. "Or is it harmful,” causing too many false alarms or unneeded follow-up tests and treatments?McCaskill-Stevens, who is Black, leads NCI’s efforts to boost access to cancer research in minority and rural communities. She has joined the study herself.The newer 3D technique has been around for a decade, but there’s never been conclusive evidence that it's better than 2D at detecting advanced cancers. The screening technique combines multiple pictures of the breast taken from different angles to create a 3D-like image. Both 3D and 2D mammograms compress the breast and use low doses of radiation.Prior studies suggest that 3D finds more cancers than 2D, but catching more cancers doesn’t necessarily mean more lives saved. Some cancers missed by standard screening may not progress or need treatment. Previous studies did not randomly assign patients to a screening method, the gold standard for research.The notion “that if it’s new, it’s shiny, then it’s better,” isn’t necessarily true, McCaskill-Stevens said. “Until we have the evidence to support that, then we need well-designed randomized trials.”The trial has enrolled nearly 93,000 women so far with a goal of 128,000. The NCI-funded study is now running in Canada, South Korea, Peru, Argentina, Italy and 32 U.S. states. A site in Thailand will soon begin enrolling patients.“We added more international sites to enhance the trial’s diversity, particularly for Hispanic and Asian women,” said Dr. Etta Pisano, who leads the study. Overall, 42% of participants are Hispanic. As recruiting continues, enrolling Black women and other women of color will “absolutely” continue as a priority, Pisano said.Participants are randomly assigned to either 2D or 3D mammograms and are followed for several years. The number of advanced cancers detected by the two methods will be compared.At the U.S. study sites, 21% of study participants are Black women — that's higher than a typical cancer treatment study, in which 9% of participants are Black, McCaskill-Stevens said.The University of North Carolina has signed up more Black women than any other study site. Nearly a quarter of the nearly 3,000 women enrolled at UNC’s two locations are Black.“Women in North Carolina want to take part in something that’s bigger than them,” said Dr. Cherie Kuzmiak, who leads the UNC arm of the study. “They want this active role in helping determine the future of health care for women.”In Washington, D.C., word of mouth has led to successful recruiting. A chance encounter at her hair salon persuaded Stovall to join the research. While waiting for a hair appointment, she met Georgetown University cancer researcher Lucile Adams-Campbell. The two, both Black, started chatting.“She explained how important it was to get women of color into the program,” said Stovall, who jumped at the chance to catch up on her mammograms after the COVID-19 pandemic delayed screening for her and thousands of others.For Stovall, there was a personal reason to join the research. Her sister recently completed treatment for triple negative breast cancer, an aggressive type that affects Black women at higher rates than white women. Women ages 45 to 74 without a personal history of breast cancer are eligible for the study, which launched in 2017. Many women also are providing blood and cheek swab samples for a database that will be mined for insights.“It’s a dream that people had since the beginning of screening that we wouldn’t fit everybody into the same box,” Pisano said. The study's findings could “reduce disparities if we’re successful, assuming people have access to care.”Stovall, 72, had a brief scare when her mammogram, the traditional 2D type, showed something suspicious. A biopsy ruled out cancer.“I was extremely relieved,” Stovall said. “Everybody I know has heard from me about the need for them to go get a mammogram.”___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Science and Educational Media Group. The AP is solely responsible for all content.。 记者8月25日从国家数据局举行的“数据价值化我们在行动”第五场新闻发布会上获悉，国家数据局将推动各地区各部门规范开展公共数据授权运营。其中，教育部、人力资源社会保障部、自然资源部、交通运输部、中国气象局等部门正在加紧推进授权运营落地见效。后续国家数据局将加强对实施机构、运营机构开展信息披露的监督管理。 当前，人工智能演进呈现鲜明的数据驱动特征，数据成为推动人工智能技术创新发展的关键要素。公共数据资源作为基础支撑，具有规模体量大、数据质量好、带动作用强的显著优势。 国家数据局副局长陈荣辉表示，今年数据工作定位是“数据要素价值释放年”，重点是要深化公共数据资源开发利用，国家数据局将围绕三个举措来推进。
二 | 在推进全国一体化公共数据资源登记方面，截至目前，已登记的数据资源、产品和服务超30万项，覆盖全部国民经济97个大类；31个省区市和新疆生产建设兵团均已开展公共数据资源登记业务。国家数据局将依托公共数据资源登记平台加强公共数据资源、产品与服务的登记和供需对接，积极主动做好服务，更好满足全社会用数需要，繁荣数据应用生态。 在推动各地区各部门规范开展公共数据授权运营方面，将围绕公共数据资源开发利用“1+3”政策体系，指导支持地方和部门制定本区域本部门公共数据授权运营实施方案和定价收费标准。据悉，目前全国已有25个省区市实质性开展授权运营，其中上海市、江苏省、浙江省、福建省、广东省等经济大省（市）已形成本地区公共数据资源开发利用政策体系。 在建立公共数据资源开发利用责任制方面，国家数据局将与数据资源富集、社会需求迫切的部门建立常态化工作机制，协助部门出台衔接国家政策、体现部门特色的数据制度文件，明确公共数据开发利用的目标、要求和任务。 数据价值化的最终落脚点在于应用。
三 | 交通运输部科技司副司长弓永军介绍，公共数据高质量数据集已用于行业模型研发，并取得积极成效。
四 | 例如，基于路网运行数据集建设的智能体，已有效支撑春运期间路段拥堵研判、交通事件和气象信息视频识别，准确率分别超过80%和92%。下一步，交通运输部将持续完善行业公共数据开发利用机制，不断拓展典型应用场景，加快释放数据要素价值。 记者获悉，为充分释放公共数据价值，国家数据局开展了公共数据“跑起来”示范场景建设，累计发布了四批次共100个示范场景，8月25日当天第五批次50个示范场景发布。据悉，第五批场景较前四批较好呈现出公共数据与社会数据、企业数据等多源数据深度融合的显著特征，农业、气象、经济等领域数据融合应用需求突出，数据供给多样性持续提升。 陈荣辉表示，下一步，将以示范场景建设为牵引，推动重点行业领域公共数据资源开发利用，协助各部门跑通公共数据资源开发利用全流程，进一步挖掘行业数据价值，助力行业高质量发展。（记者 郭倩）。
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